Summary

Dihydrogen monoxide

Dihydrogen monoxide

According to the survey of the patients of cancer, it is no secret that everyone who gets cancer has attached to this chemical compound in their life. What’s more, in addition to cancer, there is another survey on the patients of virus infection and discovered the horrible truth that all of them have attached to this chemical compound before, too. Is there some relationship between cancer and virus? 

(quoted by http://knowyourmeme.com/memes/dihydrogen-monoxide-hoax)

 (quoted by http://imgur.com/gallery/rXaal)

To find the answer to this question, you have to know this catastrophic chemical compound first.

Dihydrogen monoxide is not only seen in the liquid state, but also in the air you breath due to its volatility (揮發性). In other words, it is even impossible to prevent from attaching it unless stopping breath. Feeling desperate at all. Calm down and read this essay thoroughly first.

In the end, the most important information about it is its chemical formula. It is H₂O. 

("di"means two, "mono" means one and "oxide"means O^2-)

Calcium carbonate

Calcium carbonate

    Some people have the experience that having too much gastric fluid. After seeing a doctor, they may get the medicine, which is called antacids from doctor. Actually, how the medicine works is easy. The medicine, which should be a kind of basic compound just neutralize the hydrogen chloride in your stomach to make you feel better. In this week, I want to introduce one kind of antacids. It is calcium carbonate.

(quoted by http://www.bsimedicalsupply.com/Calcium-Carbonate-Chewable-Antacid-assorted-Flavors-MG-150Btl_p_2296.html and http://iizmar.ee/en/portfolio_item/calcium-carbonate/#prettyPhoto)

    Calcium carbonate is a weak basic compound with the chemical formula CaCO₃. You can see it in concrete, rock or shell on animal. In the NTP situation, it is white power or white solid. Besides, it is hard to dissolve in the water, which is an important property for an antacid.

    Being an antacid should be a basic compound to neutralize the hydrogen chloride. What’s more, it shouldn’t be too basic to prevent from hurting the esophagus

. Therefore, we sometimes choose a compound, which is not easy to dissolve in the water. Calcium chloride has both of the properties above. Therefore, it is common to be used in antacids.

How it reacts? 2HCl_(aq)+CaCO_3(s)àCaCl_2(aq)+CO_2(g)+H₂O_(l)

 

 

Hydrogen peroxide

Hydrogen peroxide

In the childhood, you might easily get wound because of fall down. Did you remember how to treat wounds? My answer is using hydrogen peroxide(雙氧水) to clean the wound. However, not until did I study chemistry that I know how it works. Therefore, I want to make a basic introduction of hydrogen peroxide.

(quoted by http://wiki.eanswers.com/en/Hydrogen_peroxide?ext=t&cid=5036 and http://www.baike.com/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E6%B0%A7%E6%B0%B4)

Hydrogen peroxide is a colorless liquid compound with the formula H₂O₂. As the pictured showed, it isn’t a plane molecular, but a three dimensional molecular. The most important property is it will decompose to water and oxygen even without special situation. In this chemical reaction, the catalyst is the iron(II) ion(亞鐵離子) in the blood or manganese peroxide(二氧化錳).

(adapted by http://modx.hanluninfo.com:8082/modx/index.php?id=6995)

Due to the property above, when the wound with blood attach the hydrogen peroxide, it will produce a lot of oxygen. With this oxygen, the germ can be killed easily. This is why we use hydrogen peroxide to clean the wound.
However, while killing the germ in the wound, the cell to repair the wound is also killed. Therefore, hydrogen peroxide is not always the best choice to clean the wound. Instead, the saline solution(生理食鹽水) is sometimes useful.

The decomposing reaction of hydrogen peroxide

Calcium chloride

Calcium chloride

    In Taiwan, it is common to experience the wet weather, especially in Taipei. Having this weather, your cookie without sealing will easily become wet. What an annoying thing right? To prevent from this tragedy happening, there is a chemical compound usually used as a moisture agent. It is calcium chloride.

(quoted by http://www.sgjingrui.com/calcium/wushui.htm and http://wiki.eanswers.com/en/Calcium_chloride?ext=t&cid=5036)

    Calcium chloride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CaCl₂. Because there is a wide difference on electronegativity(電負度) between calcium and chlorine, calcium chloride is usually called as an ionic compound. As a result, it can be easily dissolve in the water, a polar solvent. Besides, it is hygroscopic(吸水性). In other word, it can absorb water in the air.

(quoted by http://www.twword.com/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E5%8C%96%E9%88%A3)

    In the laboratory, we often use calcium chloride to isolate the steam or a little water from our compound. In our life, we can also apply it one our cookie. What’s more, after combining it with the fragrances, it can be the deodorant used in the restroom. Knowing this, maybe you can create your own deodorant instead of buying it.

Heroin

Heroin

    I have to say that the topic I choose this week is nothing to do with the useful chemical compound in our daily life. However, due to one of my classmate strongly asking for this compound’s introduction, I make an essay like this. Hoping that, after knowing this, we can keep this drug away from our life, but not learning how to make it.

(quoted by http://www.epochtimes.com/b5/9/5/6/n2517927.htm)

    Heroin, which is also called diacetylmorphine is a complex organic compound with formula C₂₁H₂₃NO₅. The formal name by IUPAC is (5α,6α)-7,8-didehydro-4,5-epoxy-17-methylmorphinan-3,6-diol diacetate. It was first made in 1874. At that time, it was advertised as a morphine with no addictive and sold by a Germany chemical company. However, it was soon discovered that this medicine would metabolism to morphine in our liver.

(quoted by http://wiki.eanswers.com/zh/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%9B%E5%9B%A0)

    In addition to know the thing above, I have to seriously say that how horrible the heroin is. As the picture I show. There are several effect and harm to our body, especially the addition. Therefore, don’t try it.

(quoted by http://wiki.eanswers.com/zh/%E6%B5%B7%E6%B4%9B%E5%9B%A0 and http://wiki.eanswers.com/en/Heroin?ext=t&cid=5083)

    Let’s say something funny. As I looked for heroin’s price, it can be 200~250 thousands NT dollars per kilogram. How easy to make money in this way. Let’s take notes from this short video.

Ethanol

Ethanol(乙醇)

When it talks to alcohol, some people will associate with the fact that drinking too much will make you drunk. However, in this essay, I want to introduce a special property of it that help your daily life. By the way, it formal name is ethanol.

 (quoted from http://www.twword.com/wiki/%E4%B9%99%E9%86%87 )
 (quoted from http://www.baike.com/wikdoc/sp/qr/history/version.do?ver=6&hisiden=PHl,p,WQVlYdglaYAscUlJFXA

Ethanol has the chemical formula C₂H₅OH, and well-known organic compound in our life, especially in our diet. In normal temperature and pressure (NTP), it is a colorless liquid with volatility(揮發性) and flammable(可燃性). Besides, look at the structure of it, you will discover the carbon chain and the hydroxyl group(-OH羥基). The former makes it easily dissolve the nonpolar compound, and the latter makes it could construct hydrogen bond(氫鍵) with water. In other words, it can combine water in a homogeneous(均相的) way.

(adapted from http://gaokao.hujiang.com/tiku/p1462687/)

Having this special property, ethanol can blend the nonpolar compound with the water. That is, the thing can’t be cleaning by water originally will be clean by water and ethanol. Next time, if you had to clean some nonpolar things in your daily life, you could try some ethanol.

Citric acid

Citric acid(檸檬酸)

    Saying to cleaning home, in spite of the fact that sodium hydrogen carbonate(小蘇打) is useful, there still some dirt that couldn’t be easily cleaned by it. Therefore, I want to introduce another one compound, which can make up for the deficiency of sodium hydrogen carbonate. It is citric acid.

 

    Citric acid’s chemical formula is C₆H₈O₇ and the formal name of it in organic naming is 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid. Citric acid is an organic, weak and tricarboxylic acid. In other word, it has three carboxyl function group (-COOH) in its structure as the picture showed.

    Because of its acid property, it can neutralize the basic dirt in your home. For example, the dirt of pee, the dirt of water and the smell of smoke and fish are basic dirt. What’s more, if you still remembered that sodium hydrogen carbonate I introduced, there is an important conclusion. That is, you can treat no matter acidic or basic dirt easily by smartly using sodium hydrogen carbonate and citric acid. Besides, when you blend them together, it would produce a lot of carbon dioxide, which is also helpful to your cleaning.

Do you want to learn more about citric acid? Watch this!

Ethylene

Ethylene

Do you have the experience that bunch of bananas ripen at the same time and rot because you don’t have enough time to eat them in a short time? What I want to introduce this week is relation to this happening. After knowing the compound caused it, you will also know how to prevent it. This important compound is ethylene

    Ethylene is a hydrocarbon which has the formula C₂H₄, known as the simplest alkene. In the normal temperature and pressure state (NTP), it is colorless, flammable dissolving easily in the non-polar solvent gas. Besides, because it is a natural plant hormone, it can be used to force the ripening of fruits.

     Why the bananas sometimes rot so fast? The answer to the question is that banana itself will discharge ethylene. What’s worse, the riper the banana is, the more ethylene would be discharged. Therefore, if you put all the bananas in an airtight while ripening, the number of ethylene discharged would very helpful to rot them. After knowing this, what you can do is preventing put all the bananas in an airtight space. In addition to this way, it is also necessity to prevent from putting apples or persimmons with bananas because they also discharge ethylene so much.

There are still some important applications such as polyethylene. If you still interest in it, you can browse the website below.

http://wiki.eanswers.com/en/Polyethylene?ext=t&cid=5036

Sodium hydrogen carbonate

sodium hydrogen carbonate

I think someone must have the experience that annoyed by the dirt no matter in kitchen or bathroom. To make cleaning our home more easily, let me introduce a useful chemical compound in this essay. The name of it is sodium hydrogen carbonate.

      Before knowing how to apply sodium hydrogen carbonate, we need to have a basic knowledge about it. Sodium hydrogen carbonate is also called sodium bicarbonate. As the picture showed right side, it is usually seen in white powder. Its important properties such as weak base, decomposing while heating or blending with acid.  

     

        Because of the most of the dirt in kitchen is oil or acid compound, we can use the weak base, sodium hydrogen carbonate to neutralize it. That is you can clean the oil dirt easily. In addition to neutralization, due to the second properties I told, when we blend the sodium hydrogen carbonate with acid solution, it can produce very small carbon dioxide, which can clean more kinds of dirt. What’s more, for the sake of its basic property, bacteria will be hard to live in the same place. In other words, you don’t need to clean it very often.

        There are several applications on sodium hydrogen carbonate I don’t mention. For example, using on neutralize gastric acid, baking bread or making soap in industry. If you want to know more about them, you can go to this website.more knowledge about sodium bicarbonate